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Ownership and Financing
In this video, I will be showing you a PowerPoint which includes research of TV and film industries. I will mainly focus on different types of ownership and financial methods.Let's start off with public broadcasting services.
Public broadcasting services is a type of broadcasting method which is intended for public instead of commercially. This type of Television and Radio ownership is mainly funded by the government so it has legal rights to operate nationally, this is why in order to operate successfully, you are required to fill specific requirements within their licence to broadcast. An example of a media organisation which offers an public broadcasting services would be BBC. Created in London, 1922, they have always remained focused on 3 things. This includes informing the public, entertaining , and educating the audience in their channel. The beneficial aspects of this would be how there is money created from the viewers which means as long as they have their viewers, there will always be money for the company to fall back on. Some negative aspects would be the continuous requirements on pleasing the public. This is a very difficult task as every audience member has different requirements so in order to be successful, you would need to do a lot of research within audiences. If it does become successful, there is a bigger public benefit rather than individual commercial interests as you would get an overall higher profit.
Commercial broadcasting is when a television shows are broadcasted by private companies as opposed to having state sponsorship. This is completely different to BBC. This is because they exist to create money and jobs which is mainly earn through advertisements in-between shows. An example of this would be ITV. ITV was Britain's first commercial television. Presently, the total number of television stations owned by a company would reach 39% of the country as the ownership limit was lower than before.
Corporate ownership was first created by the congress of public broadcasting, as a result, it is a non-profit ownership method as it does not produce programs that is requested by the audience, but rather anything they want to post.On other hand, private ownership is another type of commercial broadcasting as the finance is broad through their individual popularity and their advertisements. The difference is there is more freedom which means they, just like corporate ownership, have the ability to screen anything depending on what they desire. A great example of this would be sky news. This is because this organisation is traded and owned privately within the stock market.
Working independently certainly has its benefits especially towards elements such as the impact an industry would have towards the amount of control they have but you do have to remember you have far fewer resources to work with. These type of studios also have its benefits to larger amounts of actors,crew and overall infrastructure so you have time to focus on whoever you desire however, you will have to negotiate a lot more especially when it comes to compromising. The main compromises however is rooted towards mainly trying to appeal towards a larger audience.
The first global broadcasting station network was known the American Broadcasting Station which was located in San Francisco and Rhode Island. Due to how time consuming this complicated broadcasting method was along with its high costs, it only survived 4 years from 2007 to 2011. In coming years, this changed especially due to the increase and improvement within technology such as broadcasting towers and internet sites making it easier access for global users.
Let's move onto cross media convergence. This type of convergence occurs when a minimum of two or more companies work together to either produce, distribute or exhibit a film or television show. Usually, this involves a combination between music industry's and film industries mainly due to the sound tracks making the film more entertaining. The difference between synergy and cross media convergence would be how synergy could involve non-media products. An example of this would be merchandise while on other hand, cross media convergence involves media products. There are two types of media convergences, old and new media. This includes particular magazines, old media which have produced a website, a new form of media. Television is old media, while interactive channels is new and lastly, films are old media while downloadable content is classified as new.
Vertical integration is when distribution and ownership come from the same company. This automatically assists with reducing the costs and improving the efficiency especially through transportation expenses and turnaround time. An example would be Warner Bros. use of it in HP7. HP7 was created by Warner Bros. pictures in association with Heyday films and then distributed by Warner Bros. distribution.
Horizontal integration is when a company produces a supply chain of the same production over time. An example of this would be Warner Bros. studios and pictures, DC Comics and New Line Cinema as they own DC comics, later releasing films which contain the DC superheroes such as Batman. The advantage of this would be monopoly.
This is because a monopoly has power over the market for that product, not having to worry about competitors since they have complete control over that industry. VOX Cinema is a great example of monopolisation as they have established multiple companies throughout the middle east in places such as Muscat, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Lebanon and Egypt as a few.
Up next, I will be talking about financial matters
Let's firstly cover what license fees is. License fees is a type of fee structure used when homeowners have to pay in order to either view or listen to any type of BBC broadcasting. If you don’t pay for these services, you can be fined for accessing this content as you aren't contributing towards licensing fees since they were set by the government. The current cost for colour costs 150 pounds and 50 pence while non-colour is 50 pounds and 50 pence.
Subscription companies generally charge a small amount of fee, most commonly monthly in order for users to access and use their products. An example of two popular well branded subscription companies would be Netflix used to access films while on other hand, Spotify known for its music. The subscriptions make the sites unique as there are specific features which you can not access on other sites as its exclusively for these companies.
Pay per view is when you pay to see a tv show or a film once. It has better known as a one-off-payment. This is mainly used during a distribution of sports matches such as football, basketball or boxing They are offered cheap purposely in order to gain a bigger audience, increasing its profit. When it comes to services, companies such as BT and SKY are also places which offer pay per view.
Sponsorship is when a company pays to showcase a product within a short advertisement which is either located between TV shows or Films, tailored perfectly next to the show being shown at a specific time of day. An example of this would be Coronation Street. This is a family show which is shown weekdays at a prime time in the evening. This results in the adverts aiming towards a rather family orientated show since it's the time when the families are together.
Advertising is a key method in how broadcasting companies generate their income. This is because they get money by simply including the companies advertisements on their channel. The first British advertisement showcased on television was created at 9:01pm on the 22nd of September 1955. This was created by AB-Pathe to showcase Gibbs SR Toothpaste. It lasted 70 seconds and it was an epic change in game for the company as they increased their profit. More recently, advertisements are much shorter, generally 30 seconds as longer advertisements tend to be boring with audience members losing interest half way through. The costs to place an advertisement generally varies depending all on the amount of views the show gets, the higher the views the more it costs.
Product placements are used when companies want to advertise within a specific program. In order to be legally allowed to place a product placement, you will need to place a P to showcase you have paid. The first product placement created happened in 2011 by Nescafe who paid one hundred thousand pounds in order to place a coffee machine in the background of a shot. Another example would be the black glasses placed within the movie ‘’Men in Black’’. You think this is coincidental? No. The brands are using product placement in order to promote their product depending on the popularity of the film as it increases the profit of their brand.
Private capital is money invested in films which wouldn't have been published as it lacked the financial funding in order to operate. An example of a producer who helps funding these type of films would be American film producer ‘Megan Ellison’ who founded ‘Annapurna Pictures’. She uses people's ideas and turns them into reality, movies such as American Hustle which gives the filmmakers the opportunity to get their big break. American Hustle grossed 251.2 million dollars worldwide winning 3 BAFTA’s and two Golden Globe awards.
Development funds and financial aid are funds which give small independent film makers a chance to create their idea. In the UK alone, there are currently 12 distributors, one of them being the British Film Industry. This means that people can submit their ideas. This includes areas of production, distribution, education, audience development and market research to the British Film Industry and from there, they decide who to give the money to from their National Lottery Funds.
And we have come to the end of this presentation, thank you for watching.
Public broadcasting services is a type of broadcasting method which is intended for public instead of commercially. This type of Television and Radio ownership is mainly funded by the government so it has legal rights to operate nationally, this is why in order to operate successfully, you are required to fill specific requirements within their licence to broadcast. An example of a media organisation which offers an public broadcasting services would be BBC. Created in London, 1922, they have always remained focused on 3 things. This includes informing the public, entertaining , and educating the audience in their channel. The beneficial aspects of this would be how there is money created from the viewers which means as long as they have their viewers, there will always be money for the company to fall back on. Some negative aspects would be the continuous requirements on pleasing the public. This is a very difficult task as every audience member has different requirements so in order to be successful, you would need to do a lot of research within audiences. If it does become successful, there is a bigger public benefit rather than individual commercial interests as you would get an overall higher profit.
Commercial broadcasting is when a television shows are broadcasted by private companies as opposed to having state sponsorship. This is completely different to BBC. This is because they exist to create money and jobs which is mainly earn through advertisements in-between shows. An example of this would be ITV. ITV was Britain's first commercial television. Presently, the total number of television stations owned by a company would reach 39% of the country as the ownership limit was lower than before.
Corporate ownership was first created by the congress of public broadcasting, as a result, it is a non-profit ownership method as it does not produce programs that is requested by the audience, but rather anything they want to post.On other hand, private ownership is another type of commercial broadcasting as the finance is broad through their individual popularity and their advertisements. The difference is there is more freedom which means they, just like corporate ownership, have the ability to screen anything depending on what they desire. A great example of this would be sky news. This is because this organisation is traded and owned privately within the stock market.
Working independently certainly has its benefits especially towards elements such as the impact an industry would have towards the amount of control they have but you do have to remember you have far fewer resources to work with. These type of studios also have its benefits to larger amounts of actors,crew and overall infrastructure so you have time to focus on whoever you desire however, you will have to negotiate a lot more especially when it comes to compromising. The main compromises however is rooted towards mainly trying to appeal towards a larger audience.
The first global broadcasting station network was known the American Broadcasting Station which was located in San Francisco and Rhode Island. Due to how time consuming this complicated broadcasting method was along with its high costs, it only survived 4 years from 2007 to 2011. In coming years, this changed especially due to the increase and improvement within technology such as broadcasting towers and internet sites making it easier access for global users.
Let's move onto cross media convergence. This type of convergence occurs when a minimum of two or more companies work together to either produce, distribute or exhibit a film or television show. Usually, this involves a combination between music industry's and film industries mainly due to the sound tracks making the film more entertaining. The difference between synergy and cross media convergence would be how synergy could involve non-media products. An example of this would be merchandise while on other hand, cross media convergence involves media products. There are two types of media convergences, old and new media. This includes particular magazines, old media which have produced a website, a new form of media. Television is old media, while interactive channels is new and lastly, films are old media while downloadable content is classified as new.
Vertical integration is when distribution and ownership come from the same company. This automatically assists with reducing the costs and improving the efficiency especially through transportation expenses and turnaround time. An example would be Warner Bros. use of it in HP7. HP7 was created by Warner Bros. pictures in association with Heyday films and then distributed by Warner Bros. distribution.
Horizontal integration is when a company produces a supply chain of the same production over time. An example of this would be Warner Bros. studios and pictures, DC Comics and New Line Cinema as they own DC comics, later releasing films which contain the DC superheroes such as Batman. The advantage of this would be monopoly.
This is because a monopoly has power over the market for that product, not having to worry about competitors since they have complete control over that industry. VOX Cinema is a great example of monopolisation as they have established multiple companies throughout the middle east in places such as Muscat, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Lebanon and Egypt as a few.
Up next, I will be talking about financial matters
Let's firstly cover what license fees is. License fees is a type of fee structure used when homeowners have to pay in order to either view or listen to any type of BBC broadcasting. If you don’t pay for these services, you can be fined for accessing this content as you aren't contributing towards licensing fees since they were set by the government. The current cost for colour costs 150 pounds and 50 pence while non-colour is 50 pounds and 50 pence.
Subscription companies generally charge a small amount of fee, most commonly monthly in order for users to access and use their products. An example of two popular well branded subscription companies would be Netflix used to access films while on other hand, Spotify known for its music. The subscriptions make the sites unique as there are specific features which you can not access on other sites as its exclusively for these companies.
Pay per view is when you pay to see a tv show or a film once. It has better known as a one-off-payment. This is mainly used during a distribution of sports matches such as football, basketball or boxing They are offered cheap purposely in order to gain a bigger audience, increasing its profit. When it comes to services, companies such as BT and SKY are also places which offer pay per view.
Sponsorship is when a company pays to showcase a product within a short advertisement which is either located between TV shows or Films, tailored perfectly next to the show being shown at a specific time of day. An example of this would be Coronation Street. This is a family show which is shown weekdays at a prime time in the evening. This results in the adverts aiming towards a rather family orientated show since it's the time when the families are together.
Advertising is a key method in how broadcasting companies generate their income. This is because they get money by simply including the companies advertisements on their channel. The first British advertisement showcased on television was created at 9:01pm on the 22nd of September 1955. This was created by AB-Pathe to showcase Gibbs SR Toothpaste. It lasted 70 seconds and it was an epic change in game for the company as they increased their profit. More recently, advertisements are much shorter, generally 30 seconds as longer advertisements tend to be boring with audience members losing interest half way through. The costs to place an advertisement generally varies depending all on the amount of views the show gets, the higher the views the more it costs.
Product placements are used when companies want to advertise within a specific program. In order to be legally allowed to place a product placement, you will need to place a P to showcase you have paid. The first product placement created happened in 2011 by Nescafe who paid one hundred thousand pounds in order to place a coffee machine in the background of a shot. Another example would be the black glasses placed within the movie ‘’Men in Black’’. You think this is coincidental? No. The brands are using product placement in order to promote their product depending on the popularity of the film as it increases the profit of their brand.
Private capital is money invested in films which wouldn't have been published as it lacked the financial funding in order to operate. An example of a producer who helps funding these type of films would be American film producer ‘Megan Ellison’ who founded ‘Annapurna Pictures’. She uses people's ideas and turns them into reality, movies such as American Hustle which gives the filmmakers the opportunity to get their big break. American Hustle grossed 251.2 million dollars worldwide winning 3 BAFTA’s and two Golden Globe awards.
Development funds and financial aid are funds which give small independent film makers a chance to create their idea. In the UK alone, there are currently 12 distributors, one of them being the British Film Industry. This means that people can submit their ideas. This includes areas of production, distribution, education, audience development and market research to the British Film Industry and from there, they decide who to give the money to from their National Lottery Funds.
And we have come to the end of this presentation, thank you for watching.