INTRODUCTION AND INITIAL TASK
Choose a specific media product and consider the requirements and sources for either your music video production or single camera video production. You must comprehensively explain and present to a quality that reflects near-professional standards fully detailed requirements and sources of requirements for a specific media production.
type of production
- Film
- Television
Moving onto reality television, it tends to be quite similar to films in many ways as it is a visual art form lent a lot from film, the only key difference would be that television would be broadcasted to an audience at home. Most types of television genres get money and publicity usually from the same or very similar methods. This is because the shows shown could only follow theatrical fiction rules as film but are kept episodic in order to keep the audience entertained. One of these genres would be soap opera which actually birthed day time television. Soap Operas were created in the 20th century to target house wives at home during the day time however, after some time these shows moved to a prime time (6pm) so that the whole family can watch the show before dinner. There are also some reality television and chat shows which would generally contain celebrities and sometimes some non-celebrities. These shows would showcase the lives of people and their individual personalities as reality television shows like to fuel the culture of celebrities. These ratings would usually skyrocket the more real life drama has been unfolded. When it comes to the demographics of these shows, it would usually be marketed at a social class E and lower however, a lot of their overall profits would come from the higher social classes.
- Internet Video
Internet videos is a new young but maturing and exciting form of theatrical art. This would be a mixture of both television and film together. Usually, online videos can be made for relatively small amounts of money while publicity is the only hurdle which can only be passed through marketing. You will need to know your target audience in order to market effectively but all that is really needed would be basic editing software and a consumer camera.
- Radio
Just like television, radio is a broadcast product. It likes to use advertising on order to keep itself funded and has the ability to hose anything ranging from music, talk shows, weather broadcast or just news. As the years go by, it has made a huge leap onto the internet. This enabled a wider audience to gain access to hear the radio shows from anywhere around the world. The number one reason people would open a radio station is due to music. Radio tends to work more close to music since this is the place where you could easily find new number one hits.
- Music
The last topic I will cover would be music. Music has been an ever changing form of media which could either be bought physically or online, broadcasted on the radio. Usually, record labels would sign artists in order to help the market and sell the songs. Popular music streaming services such as 'Spotify' like to advertise between songs in order to gain profit. If you don't want to hear these adverts, you would need to get a premium account so that the company still receives profits from such actions. This type of income is to be paid monthly by the user.
finance
- Source of finance
When creating a film, there are four main methods of financing the production of a film, this would be:
- Government grants
- Tax incentives and shelters
- Private equity and hedge funds
- Debt finance and equity finance
Government grants
A lot of governments like to run programs in order to reduce the overall cost of producing a film. They are willing to give subsidies money in the hope that it would attract creative individuals into their territory in order to stimulate the overall employment rate. The other benefit to the government would be the fact that if a film is shot in a specific location, this could be beneficial to advertising that location to an international audience, increasing tourism rates in that area. Usually, this cash provided form the government are pure grants as they expect no sort of financial return.
A lot of governments like to run programs in order to reduce the overall cost of producing a film. They are willing to give subsidies money in the hope that it would attract creative individuals into their territory in order to stimulate the overall employment rate. The other benefit to the government would be the fact that if a film is shot in a specific location, this could be beneficial to advertising that location to an international audience, increasing tourism rates in that area. Usually, this cash provided form the government are pure grants as they expect no sort of financial return.
Negative pickup deal
This type of deal is a contract usually signed by an independent producer and a movie studio. They would agree to purchase the movie from the producer at a specific date for a specific amount of money. Until that date, all the funding is up to the producer who must pay any additional costs there are if the film happens to go over-budget. Two examples of movies like this would be Superman and Never Say Never Again.
This type of deal is a contract usually signed by an independent producer and a movie studio. They would agree to purchase the movie from the producer at a specific date for a specific amount of money. Until that date, all the funding is up to the producer who must pay any additional costs there are if the film happens to go over-budget. Two examples of movies like this would be Superman and Never Say Never Again.
Product Placement
Any type of income from product placements can be used in order to supplement the overall budget of a film. The most notable form of product placement would be from the bond franchise as they brought in millions of dollars. They included Minority Report, Lexus, Bulgari and American Express reportedly paid a combined $20 million for product placement which is now a record-high amount.
Any type of income from product placements can be used in order to supplement the overall budget of a film. The most notable form of product placement would be from the bond franchise as they brought in millions of dollars. They included Minority Report, Lexus, Bulgari and American Express reportedly paid a combined $20 million for product placement which is now a record-high amount.
Pre-sales
These type of sales would be based on casting and scripting and selling the rights to distributing a film in different areas before the film has been completed. One the deal is established, the distributors would insist the producers deliver in specific areas on content or cast. The only thing with this is that if any small alterations are made, financing could potentially collapse. Usually when signing a pre-sale contract, the buyer would pay a 20% deposit to the film's collection account and the rest would be payed when the film has been successfully delivered.
These type of sales would be based on casting and scripting and selling the rights to distributing a film in different areas before the film has been completed. One the deal is established, the distributors would insist the producers deliver in specific areas on content or cast. The only thing with this is that if any small alterations are made, financing could potentially collapse. Usually when signing a pre-sale contract, the buyer would pay a 20% deposit to the film's collection account and the rest would be payed when the film has been successfully delivered.
Private investors and television pre-sales
One of the hardest type of finance to obtain as a filmmaker would be to obtain private investor funds. This is because these type of funds are usually invested by an individual who looks to potentially add more risk to his investment portfolio, or an high net-worth person/individual who has a keen interest in films. When it comes to television pre-sales, these would more usually occur once the producer has made the film however, there is a possibility that you can sell the rights in advance and use the money in order to pay up any production processes.
One of the hardest type of finance to obtain as a filmmaker would be to obtain private investor funds. This is because these type of funds are usually invested by an individual who looks to potentially add more risk to his investment portfolio, or an high net-worth person/individual who has a keen interest in films. When it comes to television pre-sales, these would more usually occur once the producer has made the film however, there is a possibility that you can sell the rights in advance and use the money in order to pay up any production processes.
time
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Another key element would be the production schedule. A production schedule is very important as this is the only way everything would be organised such as the budgets and getting the crew together. Making a production schedule helps to bring everything together so there is not much time and money wasted during a shooting day, allowing us to focus on the minor details instead of worrying about the bigger final elements.
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- Shooting logs
Shooting logs are used as a way of recording the progress you trail over during pre-production, production and post-production aspects of your project. These type of logs enables you to also see if you have gone wrong at any point of the production process as you can fix it directly by looking back where the error was made, and fixing it instead of having to spend countless hours trying to find out the origins of the error. This process on the long term saves not only a lot of time, but also a lot of money on set.
We use contingencys not only in films, but its also an aspect of business. We have to make a contingency plan in order to consider any setbacks which may unexpectedly happen, it is only the responsible thing to do to have another option in case the first fails due to these catastrophic uncommon events so we don't fall back while filming.
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personnel
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Team roles and the roles that are handed out to members of the film crew. These roles would include the film's producers, executive producers and production office staff members such as production manager, coordinator and their assistants. To add onto this, we can't forget the various assistant directors, the accounting staff and most of the time, the location managers and their assistants.
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- Skills and experience
- Personal Skills
You'll need:
These are the skills, knowledge and ability needed in order to in-cooperate technology within a specific task. This may include aspects of Photoshop, editing on Premiere Pro, Presentation making, Photography and website constructions.
-Training needs There are about 3 different steps needed in order to identify the gaps in the employees knowledge or training and from then, forming a plan of action to fix that. The steps are as followed:
- Make a decision on which skill set to learn.
- Analyse which skills need improvement in order to fill up any gaps in your knowledge/skills.
- Create a personal development plan which assists in working on your weak areas.
You'll need:
- knowledge of English language
- knowledge of media production and communication
- the ability to read English
- excellent verbal communication skills
- to be thorough and pay attention to detail
- excellent written communication skills
- the ability to work well with others
- to be flexible and open to change
- to be able to use a computer and the main software packages competently
These are the skills, knowledge and ability needed in order to in-cooperate technology within a specific task. This may include aspects of Photoshop, editing on Premiere Pro, Presentation making, Photography and website constructions.
-Training needs There are about 3 different steps needed in order to identify the gaps in the employees knowledge or training and from then, forming a plan of action to fix that. The steps are as followed:
- Make a decision on which skill set to learn.
- Analyse which skills need improvement in order to fill up any gaps in your knowledge/skills.
- Create a personal development plan which assists in working on your weak areas.
- Personal development Plan for experience purposes : A personal development main goal is for you to establish specific long term objectives which you should complete at a specific time. In this case, I would advice that you aim at covering the following:
- Assess current realities.
- Establish specific goals to complete (preferably realistic ones).
- Select appropriate activities which would assist you with completing these goals.
- Sector skills Council - The SSC is an employee led organisation which covers specific industries such as the print based media industry within the UK. Their goal is to develop an understanding of the skill set in the industry for the future such as improving their apprenticeships, developing and designing them.
Facilities
There is a list of video production equipment which I found on desktop-documentaries.
Video camera
A video camera is the centerpiece of your filmmaking gear package. What camera you choose depends on your budget, the type of shooting you're doing (static, stealth, run-and-gun, etc.) and where you plan to showcase your film (web-only, theater, broadcast, etc). Whatever camera you choose, make sure you capture excellent audio.
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Boom Pole
A boom mic set-up comes in handy to capture audio from a group interview, crowd scenes or any situation where you need to gather professional audio quickly. In addition to the boom pole (right), you'll need a shockmount and a shotgun mic.
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Wireless Microphone
Sure, you can use a "wired mic" which is a bit less expensive, but I wouldn't go on a documentary shoot without my wireless microphone. Unless you have an audio person who can hold a boom mic, this is the next best thing providing tons of flexibility for walk-and-talk interviews with your subjects.
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Lenses: Wide Angle, Clear "Protective" Lens, Polarizer, Zoom Lens, Macros, etc.
Have you ever seen those cool fish-eye scenes? That's from using a special wide angle lens. If you're shooting in super sunny situations, an ND filter or circular polarizer can dramatically improve the image. Or what about super close-ups of a bug or flower, that's when you need a macro lens.
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materials
- Library materials
A library is usually known to be an area with a collection of books however, they can and do have lots of things. This is because library materials are anything that can be found within a library. Library materials can be found online in the form of programs and data.
- Scripts
According to Wikipedia, a screenplay, or script, is a written work by screenwriters for a film, television program, or video game. These screenplays can be original works or adaptations from existing pieces of writing. In them, the movement, actions, expression and dialogues of the characters are also narrated. A screenplay written for television is also known as a teleplay.
- Storyboarding
A storyboard is a graphic organizer which helps to organise the key creative aspects visually: a representation of how your video will unfold analyzing shot by shot. It is practically a short comical version of a plan for your production. In film industry, this assists directors and cinematographers showcase their creativity to the crew. This is generally made up from multiple squares showcasing a simplistic illustration/picture of each shot whilst making notes on what you would like to see and hear during that shot.
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- Costumes
Directors like to use costumes as a tool in order to tell a story more efficiently and effectively. This is because costumes tend to communicate the details of a character's personality to the audience. It also is beneficial when it comes to helping actors/actresses transform into a new, believable person when you see them on screen as it helps the audience believe every person in the film has a life before the film starts.
contributors
- Talent (casting)
Casting Director Agreement - This agreement remains between the casting director and the production company that agrees that the casting director is allowed to depict who to hire in your production.
- Public/extras
As said by the European Convention on Human Rights and the Human Rights Act of 1998, the privacy act is to give further effect to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention of Human Rights; to make provision with respect to holders of certain judicial offices who become judges of the European Court of Human Rights; and for connected purposes. This is because “everyone has the right to respect to respect for his/her private and family life, his/her home and his/her correspondence” “for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health and morals.” “The Data Protection Act of 1998 is a United Kingdom Act of Parliament designed to protect personal data stored on computers or in an organised paper filing system. The Act defined eight data protection principles to ensure that information was processed lawfully. A simple image of a person can amount as personal data if the person can be identified. The simplest way to comply is to obtain the consent of the individual depicted, either specifically through a signed agreement or by displaying sufficiently prominent and clear notices warning the public that filming is taking place and they should avoid the designated area if they do not want to be filmed.”
Locations
- Location Release - A contract agreement that discusses a location.
- Location Return Release - A contract that has to be signed when the location is finished being used by the film company.
- Film Location Agreement - An extensive agreement that usually consists of six individual pages that covers all aspects between the production company and its shooting location.
- Limitations and risks
‘’A company’s ethical policies might extend to dealing with emerging social concerns such as the treatment of people with disabilities, the sexual exploitation of children and empowering youth. Channel 4 for example is committed to highlighting issues around those with disabilities. They broadcast the Paralympics and have commissioned a range of programmes dealing with disabled people and their lives. They also have documentaries under the Dispatches series that tackle and highlight a huge range of very serious issues including Britain’s sex gangs.” This shows that Channel 4 makes sure to branch out to reach social issues concerning exploitation of children, disabilities and gang life in order to help the country improve.
A child performing Licence is required if a child actor/actress is required to perform. This license is issued by the Education Welfare Department of local authority or borough film services where the child resides unless they are in a boarding school. You would need to give the applicant 21 days prior notice or minimally, 7 days before filming since 1968 (the date this law begun).
Codes of practice and regulations
- Copyright
“A building on public display is not infringed by making a film, photograph, broadcasting a visual image or making a graphic work representing it.”...“The law does not apply to buildings created before December 1, 1990 (so architectural photos of such works can be taken and reproduced without permission).” If the owner of the house or the architect of the land or building has been dead for over 70 years, then there would be no copyright infringement issues but you still must remain careful as there is still a likelihood that you would face the same copyright issues.
- Releases
- Actor Contract - A contract signed by the actors in your project to show their consent and willingness to work on your project.
- Camera Department Deal - This contract applies to everyone working a camera on the set which attaches them onto the project for the amount of time that it takes to shoot it.
- Catering Agreement - A straight-forward contract that forms an agreement with the catering company that provides the food for the cast and crew on-set.
- Film Director Agreement - The director agreement is a symbol of the delivery and expectations of service that the film director will provide to the cast, crew and project itself.
- Film Finder Agreement - This is an agreement between the person who brought the premise of the film to the filmmaker's attention and the filmmaker. This makes sure that the finder gets the compensation from the film and credits for the film.
- Film Non Disclosure Agreement - An agreement between the production company and crew that protects the film to safeguard intellectual property.
- Film Sales Agency Agreement - A boiler template as to what your agreement can contain within a distribution company.
- Model Release - A contract that is signed by both the filmmaker and the models being used in their film.
- Music Video Contract - A deal that is signed with the cast and crew when making a music video.
- Producer Representative Agreement - An agreement that is signed between the film producer that acts as representative with the distribution company.
- Product Placement Release - A contract that is commissioned with the company supplying a licence product in the film.
- Production Crew Memo - A deal memo with the production crew.
- Screenplay Option Agreement - Whether or not the scriptwriter has to re-write or develop another film will be stated here. The writer should read the contract and understand what is required of them.
- Location permissions
In order to be allowed to film on land, you would need consent from the landlord as only some parts of the land might be made open specifically for the public while others could be private.“The exception under section 62 (described above) does not mean you can freely enter onto private land to photograph and record buildings.” What also should be taken into consideration would be how the owner might only give you specific rights “For example, whilst you could, under copyright law, make a recording of the interior of the building without permission, it is likely to be one of the terms of entry to the building that you will not take any such recordings, or that such recordings may only be for personal use.”
- Health and safety
Numerous of new laws have been created over the past decade, so far approximately 20 different laws have been implemented in ways that have affected both the television and film industries. Employment legislation covers laws and standards in order tot ensure employees will not suffer mentally or physically due to any types of dangerous or unhealthy working environments. Employment legislation has a number of different parts such as health and safety. This depending on the company is all different, I'll use the BBC as my example. The BBC has strict policies involving accident and incident reporting, guidelines for health and safety, a risk assessment procedure and a security policy, all stated on the ''BBC Health and Sdwty Policy Statement''. Employees will be expected to abide by these rules and know the policies in order to help the BBC make sure the working environment maintains health and safety elements at all times.
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Most media industry employers if not all will have a policy that ensures equal opportunities for all by not allowing any discrimination in terms of gender, race, disability, sexuality, religion or age. There is a law against this type of discrimination but some employers will be better at providing equal opportunities than others. Channel 4 even goes as far as to regularly monitor figures.
Regulatory bodies (Ofcome, BBFC)
The BBFC has two superseding standards: to shield youngsters and powerless grown-ups from possibly destructive or generally unacceptable substance, to support kids and families pick whats directly for them and to maintain a strategic distance from what's most certainly not. BBC’s commissioning process plays a role within their television commissioning teams, channel teams for BBC One, Two, Three and Four, BBC Sport and iPlayer. Censorship (BBFC) and Watershed (OFCOM)
In order for audience members to be aware of what content they are about to watch, televisions have to make sure they give an age rating. This type of information is set by the British Board of Film Classifications. The official information all about the BBFC would state: |
The essential company in charge of film guideline in the United Kingdom (UK) is the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), in charge of the across the country arrangement and control of movies showed at films just as all video works discharged on physical media inside the UK. The BBFC is obliged to direct all media discharged on VHS, DVD and blu-beam and even, in spite of the fact that to a decreased degree, certain computer games just as anything discharged on the web. Distributed grouping rules are used by the BBFC so as to guarantee that film substance is age fitting and to secure youngsters and youngsters fro seeing inadmissible or wrong content. The BBFC arrangement rules are set up through standard research with people in general, including more than 10,000 people over the UK, and are refreshed each 4-5 years.
- U - Universal
- PG - Parental Guidance
- 12A/12 - Only suitable for persons of 12 years and older.
- 15 - Only suitable for persons of 15 years and older
- 18 - Only suitable for persons of 18 years and older.
- R18 - Supplied only in licensed shops.
The essential company in charge of film guideline in the United Kingdom (UK) is the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), in charge of the across the country arrangement and control of movies showed at films just as all video works discharged on physical media inside the UK. The BBFC is obliged to direct all media discharged on VHS, DVD and blu-beam and even, in spite of the fact that to a decreased degree, certain computer games just as anything discharged on the web. Distributed grouping rules are used by the BBFC so as to guarantee that film substance is age fitting and to secure youngsters and youngsters fro seeing inadmissible or wrong content. The BBFC arrangement rules are set up through standard research with people in general, including more than 10,000 people over the UK, and are refreshed each 4-5 years.
Links used:
https://www.vyond.com/resources/what-is-a-storyboard-and-why-do-you-need-one/
https://www.dummies.com/art-center/performing-arts/filmmaking/the-art-of-scheduling-a-film/
https://prezi.com/kt8fsfyrnqni/types-of-media-productions/
https://www.filmdaily.tv/funding/what-film-finance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_crew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay
https://www.desktop-documentaries.com/video-production-equipment.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay
https://www.dummies.com/art-center/performing-arts/filmmaking/the-art-of-scheduling-a-film/
https://prezi.com/kt8fsfyrnqni/types-of-media-productions/
https://www.filmdaily.tv/funding/what-film-finance
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_crew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay
https://www.desktop-documentaries.com/video-production-equipment.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenplay